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एम ए सेमेस्टर-1 - अंग्रेजी - तृतीय प्रश्नपत्र - लिंग्विस्टिक्स

सरल प्रश्नोत्तर समूह

प्रकाशक : सरल प्रश्नोत्तर सीरीज प्रकाशित वर्ष : 2023
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MA Semester-1 English Paper-III - Linguistics and ELT

Composition

Composition is an art of self-expression. It is also called the expressive aspect of language. According to Bhatiya and Bhatiya :-
It is the expression of the child's throughts his own ideas, feelings and obser- vations. It includes both the process and the product of composing. It refers to the process of collecting thoughts, arranging them in a rational sequence and ulti- mately expressing them in accordance with recognised standards of form. The product may take the shape of a letter, an application, a paragraph, a story, an essay, a description or narration, a poem.
Thus teaching of composition develops the skill of expression in the stu- dents. If is a process of collecting thoughts and arranging them in a particular process.

Classification of Composition :-

There are two types of composition which can be shown as follows -

2712_05_59

(i) Oral Composition -Oral composition is regarded as the most im- portant aspect of learning and teaching English. In primary classes, oral com- position is the natural and proper preliminary to written composition. Even in higher classes its importance can't be because speech is the vital and essen- tial form of learning. At every stage of teaching, oral composition should proced written composition.

According to Laurie - "The habit of oral composition should be kept up during the whole school period."
According to Wren  :- "Composition should begin with the power of speech and should be oral long before it is written."

The Importance of Oral Composition- Oral composition is needed face to face communication and is used in every span of life. It is important since in learning english it is comperative that the learner should be fluent in speaking english without developing the power of oral composition one cannot be either a good lecturer or a good speaker. It play an important role in learn- ing, speaking and in communication in the following ways -

1. It develops confidence in communicating with others.
2. It refines pronunciation of the words.
3. It is simple and it saves time.
4. It forms foundation for written composition.
5. It enables students to participate in public ceremonies like speeches, talks, entertainment etc.
6. It helps students to think clearly.

Aims of Teaching of Oral composition -The following are some of the objectives of teaching composition -

(i) To enable the students to express their thoughts, feelings, ideas, freely.
(ii) To give practice in using the English language.
(iii) To promote a clear thinking.
(iv) To create suitable situations in the class-room.

The oral composition may be taught by following techniques :
• Repettion.
• Asking questions. 
• Giving orders.
• Asking to read.
• Making Conversation.

Written Composition -Written composition is a procedure in which the students learn how to put down their ideas into writing of their own. It may start from writing one or a few lines on a subject to write exhaustively in the form of an essay, story, poerty, letter or passage. The written composition may be of the following types -

(i) Expository writing.
(iii) Descriptive writing.
(ii) Argumentative writing.
(iv) Narrative writing.

Aims of Teaching of Written Composition :
-The aims of teaching of written compostion are as following -
(i) To enable the students to write legible, beautifully and correctly.
(ii) To recall adequate and appropriate vocabulary and use it properly.
(iii) To develop in them a habit of clear and logical presentation of facts.
(iv) To develop the communicative competence in the students.
(v) To enable the sutdents to write freely and at adequate speed.
(vi) To stimulate them to think about the situation provided.
(vii) To teach them new to organise thoughts and idea in accordance with the accepted usage.
(viii) To enable the students to use the tools of writing such as punctuation marks, spleling, grammar etc.
(ix) To enlarge their working as well as recognition of vocabulary.
(x) To give them practice in the use of English.

The written composition may be taught by following devices  :-
(a) Guided Composition-
• Substitution tables.
• Transformation of sentences.
• Composition of incomplete sentences.
• Dictation.
• Reproduction.

(b) Free Compositon  :-
• Paragraph construction.
• Essay writing.
• Story writing.
• Descriptive writing.
• Letter and application writing.
• Narrative writing.
• Precis writing.

Difference between guided composition and free composition - Composition is one of the most important branch of teaching in recent year increased attention is given to it that resulting in a great improvement in teaching methodology. One of the aims of teaching english is to enable the students to express themselves correctly in the written and spoken from. In this way these are two types of composition.
1. Oral Composition,
2. Written Composition.

Both of them are further divided into two kinds  :
(A) Grided composition, (B) Free composition.

Guided Composition : From begining stage the students should be properly and strictly guided by the therefore learning composition whether and or written. It is because students are imitators by nature. On the basis of proper guidence they get improvement their knowledge of composition stu- dents are provided with spacific situations ideas, structure and vocabulary under this process. The teacher supplies vocabulary and guides the students for composition. Thus the students have to go according to the teachers di rection. The control of teacher is rather loose because within the given habit the students have a choice of combination of word-groups and composition of ideas. Teacher is mainly concerned with selection and correction of the compo- sition. It is directed writing and close ended.

Free Composition  : Free composition is taught at the later stage of the students. As the name suggests, in the free composition the students are free to make use of vocabulary and structure of theis own to express their related to the scheduled topic. By the way the student learn how to use these own ideas is their own language.

Thus the guided or controlled composition gives favourit result at early stages language learning e.g. at the junior school level where the students are guided by controlled pattern and vocabulary. Free composition comes much, later when the students reach higherlasses and are confident to embark upon new territories. There is no restriction on pupils for use of vocabulary and structure and they are forced to think freely.


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    अनुक्रम

  1. Question- Describe the place of English language in India.
  2. Question- Explain the term 'language'.
  3. Question- Define Language.
  4. Question- Write a note on Origin and development of Human language.
  5. Question- What is the meaning of language origins?
  6. Question- When did language come into existence?
  7. Question- What are the different theories of the origin of language?
  8. Question- What are the approaches to understanding the Evolution of language?
  9. Question- Is there any historical record of the development of human language?
  10. Question- What are the properties of Human Language?
  11. Question- What are the characteristics of human language?
  12. Question- What are the benefits of studying linguistics?
  13. Question- What are the six properties of language?
  14. Question- What are the properties of human language for Charles Hockett?
  15. Question- What is the meaning of Linguistic as science?
  16. Question- What is the science of linguistics?
  17. Question- What is scientific method in linguistics?
  18. Question- What is difference between philology and linguistics?
  19. Question- Why is linguistics a science?
  20. Question- What are the examples of science linguistics?
  21. Question- What are linguistic models in linguistics?
  22. Question- What are linguistic models in linguistics?
  23. Question- What is linguistic analysis?
  24. Question- What is the difference between statements in fact models and linguistic models?
  25. Question- What is the importance of linguistic analysis?
  26. Question- Is linguistic analysis meaningful meaning possible?
  27. Question- What is the drive or purpose behind linguistic analysis?
  28. Question- What is it called, when we study the study of language?
  29. Question- What is communication? What are different functions of communication?
  30. Question- Define the communication process with diagram.
  31. Question- Write a note on classification of the communication.
  32. Question- How does the need to communicate affect the development of language?
  33. Question- What is the role of English Language in Communication?
  34. Question- What is language in human communication?
  35. Question- What is the purpose of multiple uses of language?
  36. Question- What is difference between formal and informal communication?
  37. Question- What do you understand by Phonemes?
  38. Question- Define Phonology. In what respects does it differ from general phonetics?
  39. Question- Write a note on basic concept of phoneme.
  40. Question- What do you understand by Phonology? What is the difference between Phonetics and Phonology?
  41. Question- How do you classify English vowels according to the part of the tongue used during their articulation?
  42. Question- What is Consonant? What do you know about Contoids and Vocoids?
  43. Question- What are semi-vowels and how are they produced?
  44. Question- Write a note on Vowels.
  45. Question- What is Generative phonology?
  46. Question- We can divide the sound system into two parts. Name them.
  47. Question- What is the importance of stress in speaking a language?
  48. Question- Write a note on the functions of Intonation.
  49. Question- What is intonation? Types of intonation in spoken English.
  50. Question- What is attitudinal intonation and how to improve it?
  51. Question- Write a note on Stress.
  52. Question- Write a note on the levels of Stress.
  53. Question- What is Lexical Stress or Word Stress?
  54. Question- What is intonation and how does it works?
  55. Question- What is manner of Articulation?
  56. Question- What is place of articulation?
  57. Question- What is phonetic transcription? What is the difference between phonetic transcription and phonemic transcription?
  58. Question- Provide the phonetic transcripts of the following English words : (a) Keen (b) Measure (c) Noon (d) Share
  59. Question- Fill in the blanks with correct vowels.
  60. Question- What is phonetic transcription?
  61. Question- How do you transcribe phonemes in English?
  62. Question- What is syllable?
  63. Question- How many types of syllable in English?
  64. Question- What is an open syllable?
  65. Question- What is closed syllable?
  66. Question- What is morpheme in English Grammar?
  67. Question- What is the difference between free morphemes and affixes?
  68. Question- Why are morphemes considered open class words?
  69. Question- What is a zero-morpheme?
  70. Question- What is the difference between free and bound morphemes?
  71. Question- What is difference between compound and complex morphemes?
  72. Question- What are lexical morphemes?
  73. Question- What is the meaning of word and word classes?
  74. Question- What is the grammar of word classes?
  75. Question- What is an example of a word class?
  76. Question- What are word classes and why are they important?
  77. Question- Can a word belong to more than one word?
  78. Question- What is inflection in grammar?
  79. Question- What are the different forms of inflection?
  80. Question- What are inflection suffixes?
  81. Question- Write a definition of inflection. What are the eight inflections?
  82. Question- What are the five types of inflections?
  83. Question- What is inflection in communication?
  84. Question- What is derivation in English?
  85. Question- What are the rules of word formation and derivation?
  86. Question- What is the difference between derivation and infection?
  87. Question- What is compounding in linguistics with example?
  88. Question- What is compounding word formation examples?
  89. Question- What is compounding in English?
  90. Question- What is compounding in morphology and its types?
  91. Question- What are the three types of compounding?
  92. Question- What is the difference between compounding and blending words?
  93. Question- What is the difference between derivation and compounding?
  94. Question- What is categories and constituents in linguistic?
  95. Question- What are examples of constituents?
  96. Question- What does category mean in linguistics?
  97. Question- What are two syntactic categories?
  98. Question- What are the categories of english?
  99. Question- What are examples of Semantics?
  100. Question- What is the meaning of Predicate and Argument structure?
  101. Question- What is the difference between predicate and argument?
  102. Question- What is argument structure in semantics?
  103. Question- What is predicate in semantics?
  104. Question- What are the seven sentence structure?
  105. Question- What is sentence structure called?
  106. Question- What is the meaning of thematic roles in semantic analysis?
  107. Question- What is meant by thematic roles?
  108. Question- What is thematic role in a story?
  109. Question- Why are thematic roles important?
  110. Question- What is theme in semantic roles with examples?
  111. Question- Define case or what is case in syntax?
  112. Question- What is a case in syntax?
  113. Question- What is case grammar how syntactic and semantic can be combined?
  114. Question- What are semantic cases?
  115. Question- What is Phrase structure grammar?
  116. Question- What is the role of phrase-structure grammar?
  117. Question- What is phrase and types?
  118. Question- What are examples of phrases?
  119. Question- What is the meaning of lexical semantics and what is the relation and how meanings relate to each other?
  120. Question- What is lexical relation and example?
  121. Question- What are the sex lexical relations?
  122. Question- What is the meaning of lexical?
  123. Question- Why lexical relations are used in language?
  124. Question- What is implicative or implication function?
  125. Question- What is the symbol of implicative function?
  126. Question- What are two parts of an implication called?
  127. Question- What is the use of logical implication?
  128. Question- Explain the meaning of entailment and presupposition with examples.
  129. Question- What is difference between presupposition and entailment?
  130. Question- What are the types of entailment?
  131. Question- What are the types of presuppositions?
  132. Question- Why is entailment important?
  133. Question- What is the maxims of conversation?
  134. Question- What are maxims of conversation mean?
  135. Question- What is maxim of manner example?
  136. Question- What is the purpose of maxims?
  137. Question- What is the difference between maxim and aphorism?
  138. Question- What is speech act, explain it with example?
  139. Question- What is performative speech act?
  140. Question- What are the five functions of speech act?
  141. Question- What is the importance of speech act in our daily?
  142. Question- What is the meaning of speech act theory?
  143. Question- What is indirect speech acts?
  144. Question- What is the nature and application of psycholinguistics? Explain it with examples.
  145. Question- What is psycholinguistics?
  146. Question- What are the issues and areas of research in psycholinguistics?
  147. Question- What are the branches of psycholinguistics?
  148. Question- How many discipline are there in psycholinguistics?
  149. Question- What are the main objective of psycholinguistics?
  150. Question- What are the behaviourist theory of language learning?
  151. Question- What are the cognitive and mentalist views of language learning?
  152. Question- What is the difference between behaviourist and mentalist?
  153. Question- What are the three theories of language learning?
  154. Question- What are the three behavioural theories?
  155. Question- What is the cognitive theory of language development?
  156. Question- How are behaviourism and mentalist different in their views about learning?
  157. Question- What do you mean by individual differences in language learning? Explain with examples.
  158. Question- How does individual differences affect language learning?
  159. Question- Why is individual differences important in teaching and learning?
  160. Question- How do you apply individual differences in learning?
  161. Question- What is individual differences in learning?
  162. Question- What are the consequences of individual differences?
  163. Composition
  164. Parts of Speech
  165. Active Voice and Passive Voice
  166. Direct and Indirect Speech
  167. Tenses
  168. Synonyms
  169. Antonyms
  170. Question- Write the antonym of the following - (i) Changeable (ii) Deep (iii) Drave (iv) Include (v) Refuse (vi) Exactly
  171. Question- Translation from Hindi to English :
  172. Question- Translation from English to Hindi.
  173. Types of Sentences
  174. Idioms and Phrases
  175. Proverbs
  176. Letter Writing
  177. Question- Respond to an advertisement for the post of lecturer in a local college and supply details from your imagination.
  178. Question- Make an application to the Principal P. P. N. College Kanpur for giving you a full concession in fee..
  179. Question- Write an application to the Principal of your college requesting him to allow you to change one of your subjects.
  180. Question- Write an Application for the post of a Stenographer-cum accountant in a local bank.
  181. Question- Write an application to the District Supply Officer for supplying building material.
  182. Question- Write an application to the Principal of your college requesting him to grant you leave for four days so that you may attend the marriage ceremony of your elder sister.
  183. Write an application to the Principal of your college requesting him to make arrangements for a separate common room for girls in the college.
  184. Question- Write a letter to your younger brother advising him how to prepare for the Examinations.
  185. Question- Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to pay atten- tion to his studies and not to waste his time in the company of idle friends.
  186. Write a letter to the principal of the school for arranging reme dial class for English.
  187. Bussiness Letters
  188. Chief characteristics of a good application for employment
  189. Question- Write an application letter for the post of "Juniour Accountant Trainee" in the Vyasa Bank Ltd. New Delhi, addressing to the Personnel Manager.
  190. Question- Write popular and compact form of general purpose resume.
  191. Question- Write a Comprehensive Resume with its covering letter.
  192. Story Writing
  193. Question- Write a short story on 'Tit for Tat' in about 500 words.
  194. Question- Write a short story in about 500 words on 'where there's a will, there's a way.
  195. Question- Write an essay on The Menace of Terrorism.
  196. Question- Write an essay on Pollution.
  197. Question- Write an essay on Importance of Computer.
  198. Dialouge Writing
  199. Picture Composition
  200. Question- Answer in English the following questions on the above passage -
  201. Question- Choose the best answer out of the possible answers given.
  202. Question- Fill in the blanks below using suitable words taken from the list- (independence, control, powers, account, active, system, universal, strict.)
  203. Question- Choose the best answer out of the possible answers given-
  204. Question- Use suitable words from the list given below to fill in the blanks - (forgive, respect, scenery, truth, pleasure, err, speech, neglect, liberty, silence)
  205. Figure of Speech
  206. Precis Writing
  207. Paraphrasing
  208. Question- Grammar should be taught functionally at the lower classes and formally in the higher classes? Explain with concrete il lustrations.
  209. Question- What are the aims of teaching English Grammar?
  210. Question- What are the factors that influence language learning for students?
  211. Question- What are the factors that affect English language acquisition?
  212. Question- How do external factors effect English language learning?
  213. Question- What makes a language learner successful?
  214. Question- What are the external factors of English language learning?
  215. Question- Which factors impact the learning curve of English-Language learners?
  216. Question- Direct method ensures fluency, grammar translation method ensures accuracy but bilingual method ensures both discuss.
  217. Question- What do you understand by Billingual Method Ensure both Fluency and Accuracy?
  218. Question- Discuss merits and demerits of Direct Method of teaching English?
  219. Question- Show in what ways Direct Method is improvement over Translation cum-Grammar Method. How can a teacher effectively use it?
  220. Question- "Structural approach is the foundation upon which the study of English teaching should develop." Discuss.
  221. Question- What do you understand by situational approach to teaching English?
  222. Question- What do you understand by structural approach of teaching English?
  223. Question- What are the objectives of structural approach?
  224. Question- State the principles of structural approach.
  225. Question- What is the process of adopting structural approach?
  226. Question- Describe the merits of structural approach.
  227. Question- How will you make use of structural approach in teaching the students of sixth class?
  228. Question- Discuss in detail the inductive- Deductive method of teaching English grammar with appropriate example.
  229. Question- Write down the aims of teaching translation at school level.
  230. Question- Write a note on Translation Method.
  231. Question- What do you mean by inductive-deductive method for teaching of grammar?
  232. Question- Discuss Dr. Michael west's new method.
  233. Question- Discuss communicative approach of teaching.
  234. Question- Describe the demerits of Grammar-translation method.
  235. Question- Differentiate between approach and method of teaching.
  236. Question- Write a short note on bilingual method of English teaching.
  237. Question- Explain the main characteristics of Bilingual method of teaching English?
  238. Question- Discuss communicative approach of teaching.
  239. Question- What is Eclectic method (approach) of language learning/ teaching?
  240. Question- What are the advantages and disadvantages of Eclectic Approach?
  241. Question- What is the eclectic approach to teaching English?
  242. Question- What are the activities of eclectic method?
  243. Question- What is a notional-functional syllabus?
  244. Question- What are the theories of notional functional syllabus?
  245. Question- What is notional functional syllabus theory?
  246. Question- What is the notional functional movement in linguistics?
  247. Question- What is the silent way language Teaching approach?
  248. Question- What are the aims/goals of silent way of teaching approach?
  249. Question- What are the characteristics of silent way of teaching?
  250. Question- What are the roles of teacher and learner in silent way of teaching?
  251. Question- Define audio-visual aids. What is the need of these aids in the teaching of English?
  252. Question- Give definitions of audio-visual aids.
  253. Question- What are the needs/importance of audio-visual aids in teaching of English?
  254. Question- State some use of audio-visual aids for teaching English.
  255. Question- What is the importance of Black-Board in teaching of English?
  256. Question- What are the advantages of maps as a support material?
  257. Question- Comment on Projector.
  258. Question- State the objectives and role of language laboratory in teaching of English.
  259. Question- What is contrastive analyses?
  260. Question- How many types of errors in English language teaching?
  261. Question- What are the stages of Error Analysis?
  262. Question- What are the distinctions between mistakes and errors?
  263. Question- What is test and testing? Explain it.
  264. Question- What is the meaning of evaluation?
  265. Question- What is test, testing and evaluation?
  266. Question- What is the difference between test and testing?
  267. Question- What is evaluation testing important?
  268. Question- What is the purpose of testing?
  269. Question- What are the characteristics of a good test?
  270. Question- What is language planning and its types?
  271. Question- What are the stages of language planning?
  272. Question- What are the principles of language planning?
  273. Question- What is language planning and why is it important?
  274. Question- What is language planning in education?
  275. Question- What are the factors influencing language planning?
  276. Question- What is the difference between language planning and language policy?
  277. Question- What do you understand by lesson plan? Discuss its characteristics and approch to write it.
  278. Question- What would be the characteristics of a good lesson plan?
  279. Question- Discuss any approach of lesson planning.
  280. Question- List the various steps of lesson planning based on Herbartain approach.
  281. Question- 'Nothing is so fatal for a teacher as unpreparedness.' Discuss the need of lesson planning in the light of this statement.
  282. Question- Prepare a lesson plan of either prose or poetry or grammar or compostion on a topic of your own choice.
  283. Question- What are the possible learning outcomes in english primary stage according to the NCERT approach?
  284. Question- Give the outline of Herbartian Lesson Plan Format.
  285. Question- What are the advantages of Herbartian Lesson Plan?
  286. Question- What are the limitations of Herbartian Lesson Plan?
  287. Question- What are the important characteristics of a good lesson plan in Herbartian approach?
  288. Question- Enumnerate the term 'curriculum'. Which procedures are used for curriculum organisation?
  289. Question- Discuss various procedures of curriculum organisation.
  290. Question- Explain the topical approach of organization of curriculum.
  291. Question- Indicate the meaning of integrated approach to English cur- riculum organization.
  292. Question- Draw a structure of curriculum of English at various levels. The answer to this question is completed by consolidating the answers to the following related questions..
  293. Question- Suggest curriculum of English for secondary classes.
  294. Question- Give four drawbacks of existing curriculum of English.
  295. Question- Give a critical appraisal of existing Syllabus in English?
  296. Question- Describe the place of English language in India.
  297. Question- Discuss the place of English after independence.
  298. Question- Describe the place of English in present days.
  299. Question- Discuss the importance of English language in India.
  300. Question- Which language was termed as language of communication in India?
  301. Question- Why and when English is declared as an official language of Administration?
  302. Question- How did English open the gates of Western Sciences and Arts to Indians?
  303. Question- Explain importance suggested by different commissions about English language.
  304. Question- Explain the influence of English in education.
  305. Question- What is the role of English for Literary Development?
  306. Question- Why English is also called an International Language?
  307. Question- State effect of English in social life.
  308. Question- "English ensures Unity of India." How?
  309. Question- Explain the meaning of ecolonization and what its impact on english literature to literatures in english?
  310. Question- What is decolonization and why is it important?
  311. Question- Can pre-colonial cultures be recovered by decolonization?
  312. Question- What are the problems of teaching English in India?
  313. Question- What are the solutions for the problems faced by teacher's in Teaching English language?
  314. Question- What are the problems of teaching the English language?
  315. Question- What are the major obstacles in teaching English to students?
  316. Question- What is the basic need of teaching the English language?
  317. Question- What are the problems of teaching the English language?
  318. Question- What is "Register" and what it is use?
  319. Question- What are the types of register in English?
  320. Question- What is Diatype?
  321. Question- What is register in language?
  322. Question- What is a register style?
  323. Question- What is the function of registers?
  324. Question- What is Register classification in the OED?
  325. Question- Explain the role of English in India.
  326. Question- Enumerate the Nature of English Language.
  327. Question- What is english as a second language (ESOL).
  328. Question- Why is English the most popular second language?

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